{"id":395211,"date":"2023-09-22T15:42:24","date_gmt":"2023-09-22T19:42:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autosphere.ca\/?p=395211"},"modified":"2023-09-22T15:42:24","modified_gmt":"2023-09-22T19:42:24","slug":"considerations-relatives-a-lhydrogene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autosphere.ca\/fr\/parc\/2023\/09\/22\/considerations-relatives-a-lhydrogene\/","title":{"rendered":"Consid\u00e9rations relatives \u00e0 l’hydrog\u00e8ne"},"content":{"rendered":"

L’adoption g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e par les parcs de v\u00e9hicules reste un d\u00e9fi. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9bat sur la question de savoir si les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 pile \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne (FCEV) sont une meilleure solution que les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 batterie (BEV) a retenu mon attention. J’ai d\u00e9fendu le gaz naturel comprim\u00e9 pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, mais c’\u00e9tait avant l’arriv\u00e9e des hybrides gaz-\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 sur le march\u00e9 canadien en 2001.<\/p>\n

Je ne suis pas persuad\u00e9 qu’un autre gaz comprim\u00e9, l’hydrog\u00e8ne cette fois, constituera une am\u00e9lioration par rapport aux efforts pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents pour produire des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission.<\/p>\n

Pour commencer, l’hydrog\u00e8ne peut \u00eatre l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment le plus abondant de l’univers, mais son attrait pour la liaison avec d’autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments tels que l’oxyg\u00e8ne et le carbone signifie qu’il doit \u00eatre fabriqu\u00e9 pour \u00eatre simplement de l’hydrog\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n

\u00c9limination des gains<\/b><\/h2>\n

Le gaz naturel est pratiquement la seule source d’hydrog\u00e8ne fabriqu\u00e9, avec sa structure atomique simple de CH4. Mais le gaz naturel ou le m\u00e9thane est un gaz \u00e0 effet de serre 21 fois plus puissant que le dioxyde de carbone, de sorte que la production d’hydrog\u00e8ne \u00e9limine tout gain li\u00e9 \u00e0 l’absence d’\u00e9missions de gaz d’\u00e9chappement.<\/p>\n

L’hydrog\u00e8ne est un carburant incroyablement co\u00fbteux, en grande partie \u00e0 cause du co\u00fbt de construction d’un \u00e9lectrolyseur, d’une installation de stockage et d’une installation de ravitaillement. Winnipeg Transit pr\u00e9voit d’ajouter huit bus FCEV sur ses lignes les plus longues, o\u00f9 les bus BEV pourraient ne pas \u00eatre en mesure d’effectuer les trajets sans \u00eatre recharg\u00e9s. Ils n’ont pas de source locale d’hydrog\u00e8ne et pr\u00e9voient donc de construire leur propre installation de production. Son co\u00fbt est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 10 millions de dollars et elle ne produira que 600 kg d’hydrog\u00e8ne par jour. En comparaison, les BEV disposent d\u00e9j\u00e0 d’un r\u00e9seau de distribution d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. La recharge des BEV n’est pas gratuite, mais elle n’est pas aussi ch\u00e8re que celle de l’hydrog\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n

Les FCEV ne sont pas moins chers \u00c3\u00a0 l’achat que les BEV. Ils peuvent \u00eatre cinq fois plus chers que leur \u00e9quivalent diesel. Au Canada, il existe des subventions, mais elles ne couvrent qu’une petite partie de la mise \u00c3\u00a0 niveau.<\/p>\n

Producteurs de combustibles propres<\/b><\/h2>\n

L’absence d’infrastructure de ravitaillement signifie que les propri\u00e9taires de FCEV devront \u00eatre leurs propres producteurs de carburant, ce qui rend la gestion de l’entreprise encore plus complexe. \u00c0 Edmonton, un p\u00f4le hydrog\u00e8ne est en train d’\u00e9merger, qui comprend Suncor et d’autres acteurs, et qui aidera Edmonton Transit \u00e0 passer aux FCEV, mais, comme nous l’avons vu, Winnipeg n’a rien de tout cela pour l’aider.<\/p>\n

La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des FCEV semble pr\u00e9senter autant de risques que celle des BEV ou des carburants conventionnels. Le 18 juillet 2023, un bus FCEV de Bakersfield, en Californie, a pris feu lors d’un ravitaillement et a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truit<\/a> (article en anglais). L’hydrog\u00e8ne doit \u00eatre comprim\u00e9 \u00e0 une pression \u00e9tonnante de 700 bars (5000 PSI), soit presque le double de la compression n\u00e9cessaire pour le gaz naturel. Le co\u00fbt de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 cette fin (et les \u00e9missions dues \u00e0 la production d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9) sont importants.<\/p>\n

Co\u00fbt dissuasif <\/b><\/h2>\n

Le co\u00fbt du remplacement des batteries est souvent cit\u00e9 par les d\u00e9tracteurs des BEV comme un facteur dissuasif. Toutefois, le co\u00fbt du remplacement de la pile \u00e0 combustible d’un FCEV est susceptible de repr\u00e9senter un risque tout aussi important que le remplacement des batteries. La dur\u00e9e de vie d’une pile \u00e0 combustible est \u00e9galement difficile \u00e0 pr\u00e9voir, mais si un v\u00e9hicule lourd dont la dur\u00e9e de vie pr\u00e9vue est de 12 ans doit \u00eatre remplac\u00e9 une ou plusieurs fois, le co\u00fbt total de possession sera plus \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le battage m\u00e9diatique autour de l’hydrog\u00e8ne a \u00e9t\u00e9 qualifi\u00e9 d\u2019\u00ab hopium \u00bb. Je me souviens avoir conduit une berline Ford FCEV il y a pr\u00e8s de 20 ans et je dois dire que les progr\u00e8s des BEV ont \u00e9t\u00e9 beaucoup plus prometteurs depuis. Pour l’instant, il vaut mieux surveiller les v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 moteur \u00e0 combustion interne.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’adoption g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e par les parcs de v\u00e9hicules reste un d\u00e9fi. Le d\u00e9bat sur la question de savoir si les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 pile \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne (FCEV) sont une meilleure solution que les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 batterie (BEV) a retenu mon attention. J’ai d\u00e9fendu le gaz naturel comprim\u00e9 pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, mais c’\u00e9tait avant l’arriv\u00e9e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":134,"featured_media":369254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[809,621],"tags":[3517,5369,3656],"class_list":["post-395211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-parc-chronique","category-parc","tag-developpement-durable","tag-hydrogene","tag-ve"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nConsid\u00e9rations relatives \u00e0 l'hydrog\u00e8ne - Autosphere<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autosphere.ca\/fr\/parc\/2023\/09\/22\/considerations-relatives-a-lhydrogene\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Consid\u00e9rations relatives \u00e0 l'hydrog\u00e8ne\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L’adoption g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e par les parcs de v\u00e9hicules reste un d\u00e9fi. 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